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Grand Duke of Luxembourg
The Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the monarchial head of state of Luxembourg.
Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was elevated from a duchy, and was in personal union with the Netherlands until 1890. Since 1815, there have been nine monarchs of Luxembourg, including the incumbent, Henri. Luxembourg is the world's only sovereign extant Grand Duchy, a status to which Luxembourg was promoted in 1815 upon its unification with the Netherlands under the House of Orange-Nassau.
==Constitutional role==
The Constitution of Luxembourg defines the grand duke's position:
After a constitutional change (to article 34) in December 2008 resulting from Henri's refusal to sign a law legalizing euthanasia, laws now take effect without the grand duke's assent. As a result, the grand duke no longer has any formal role in the legislative process, but his task to promulgate the law as chief executive remains.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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